Combined electromagnetic and optical communication system

ABSTRACT

A communication system is provided that includes both an electromagnetic (“EM”) communication device and an optical communication device including at least a machine readable symbol where at least a portion of the EM communication device and at least a portion of the machine readable symbol are formed from the same material. This material may be, for example, a conductable ink or a conductable foil. If desired, the EM communication device may include an antenna where at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the machine readable symbol.

COPYRIGHT AND LEGAL NOTICES

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to a communication system capable of communicating information electromagnetically and optically, and more particularly to a communication system having both electromagnetic and optical communication devices where at least a portion of each communication device is formed of the same material.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a communication system is provided that includes both an electromagnetic (“EM”) communication device and an optical communication device where at least a portion of the EM communication device and at least a portion of the optical communication device are formed from the same material.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the optical communication device includes a machine readable symbol, such as a bar code symbol.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the EM communication device includes a radio frequency communication device, such as an RFID tag.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a conductable ink is used to form at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol.

According to another embodiment of the invention, at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are both formed from a conductable foil through a subtractive process, such as etching.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the bar code symbol is of a format providing for equal width spaces between bars.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the optical communication device includes one or more alphanumeric symbols.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the optical communication device includes one or more logos.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency communication device includes a memory which stores the same information encoded in the bar code symbol.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the information stored in the memory of the radio frequency communication devices and encoded in the bar code symbol identify a product.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a protective covering cover both the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device, but the information encoded by the optical communication device can still be optically communicated through the protective covering.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device are mounted on a package designed to be opened such that when the package is opened as designed, the radio frequency communication device is damaged so that it no longer communicates.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a communication system comprises an electromagnetic communication device and an optical communication device. The electromagnetic communication device includes at least an antenna. The optical communication device includes at least one machine readable symbol. At least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the machine readable symbol are formed from the same material. At least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the machine readable symbol.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a communication system comprises a radio frequency communication device and an optical communication device. The radio frequency communication device includes at least an antenna. The optical communication device includes at least a bar code symbol. At least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material. At least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the bar code symbol.

In an embodiment of the invention, a method provides a communications system that includes a radio frequency communications device and an optical communications device. The radio frequency communication device includes a communications controller, a memory, and an antenna. The optical communications device includes at least a bar code symbol. According to the method, the communications controller and the memory of the radio frequency communications device are provided on a substrate. Also, the antenna of the radio frequency communications device and the optical communications device are provided on the substrate using the same material for at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a method provides a communications system that includes a radio frequency communications device and an optical communications device. The radio frequency communication device includes a communications controller, a memory, and an antenna. The optical communications device includes at least a bar code symbol. According to the method, the communications controller and the memory of the radio frequency communications device are provided on a substrate. Also, the antenna of the radio frequency communications device and the optical communications device are provided on the substrate using the same material for at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol so that at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the bar code symbol.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a conductable ink is used to provide at least a portion of the antenna of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a conductable foil is used to provide at least a portion of the antenna of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention is illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings, which are meant to be exemplary and not limiting, and in which like references are intended to refer to like or corresponding parts.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the components of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an overhead view of an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is an overhead view of another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is an overhead view of another embodiment of the invention, where the optical communication device comprises several parts;

FIG. 5 is an overhead view of another embodiment of the invention, where the optical communication device comprises several parts including logos; and

FIG. 6 is an overhead view of another embodiment of the invention, where the optical communication device comprises a bar code encoded in a format of equal width spaces.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a combined electromagnetic-optical communication (“CEMOC”) system includes both an electromagnetic (“EM”) communication device and an optical communication device where at least a portion of the EM communication device and at least a portion of the optical communication device are formed from the same material. The electromagnetic communication device may be any device that communicates (e.g., sends information, receives information, or both) using electromagnetic wave energy, such as, for example, television, wireless telephone, a radio transmitter, a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, a radio transponder, or a radio frequency identification (“RFID”) tag. The electromagnetic communication device may include components such as circuitry for controlling communications and a memory for storing data to be transmitted. The optical communication device may be a device that stores and communicates information optically through its physical appearance, such as, human or machine readable symbols, including, for example, alphanumeric text, brand or corporate logos, or bar codes.

The EM and optical communication devices of the CEMOC system may be combined in a number of ways. According to one embodiment of the invention, EM communication device 20 and optical communication device 30 of CEMOC System 10 may be combined by forming them on a single substrate 40, as shown in FIG. 1.

This formation of CEMOC System 10 may be accomplished in a number of ways. According to one embodiment of the invention, at least a portion of EM communication device 20 and at least a portion of optical communication device 30 may be formed from conductable ink by printing them on substrate 40. For example, FIG. 2 is an overhead view of a CEMOC System 10 with the EM communication device comprising an RFID tag 202 and the optical communication device comprising a bar code 204. RFID tag 202 may include an antenna 208 and an integrated circuit (“IC”) 206 that controls communication involving the RFID tag and includes a memory that may store data. At least a portion of RFID tag 202, such as antenna 208, and bar code 204 may both be printed on substrate 40 using a metallic or other ink capable of conducting electromagnetic energy and an inkjet printer or other known printing device capable of printing using such ink. The IC 206 may be mounted onto substrate 40 before or after antenna 208 and bar code 204 are printed. In either case, IC 206 and antenna 208 are coupled so that IC 206 may transmit and/or receive data through antenna 208.

Another way in which CEMOC System 10 may be formed is through a printing technique involving etching. According to another embodiment of the invention, at least a portion of EM communication device 20 and at least a portion of optical communication device 30 may be formed from a conductable material by removing portions of the material so that what remains of the conductable material comprises at least a portion of the EM communication device and at least a portion of the optical communication device. For example, referring again to FIG. 2, a scribing laser, which removes material as it burns, may be used to etch the antenna 208 and bar code 204 from a conductable foil. The antenna 208 and bar code 204 may then be fixed onto substrate 40, e.g., using an adhesive. Alternatively, a sheet of foil may be adhered to substrate 40 first and then antenna 208 and bar code 204 etched from the foil. Before or after antenna 208 and bar code 204 are formed, the IC 206 may be mounted onto substrate 40 so that IC 206 is coupled to the antenna in such a way as to be able to transmit and/or receive data through antenna 208.

Another way in which the EM and optical communication devices of the CEMOC system may be combined is for the optical communication device to be coupled to the EM communication device and to function as an antenna for the EM communication device. For example, FIG. 3 is an overhead view of a CEMOC System 15 where the EM communication device comprises an RFID tag including an IC 17 and an antenna 18. Antenna 18 also functions as the optical communication device of CEMOC System 15 such that the physical appearance of antenna 18 stores and provides information optically. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, antenna 18 may be shaped in the form of a linear bar code.

The CEMOC System with the combined antenna/optical communication device may be formed using similar techniques as described above in connection with FIG. 2. Thus, at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of optical communication device 30 may be printed using conductable ink or etched from a conductable material. Also, optical communication device 30 may be formed as a free-standing antenna, e.g., not formed on a substrate.

Where the CEMOC System includes an antenna shaped in the form of a bar code, two or more of the bars of the antenna/bar code may be connected so as to provide a continuous path coupled to the EM communication device. As is known by those in the art, this continuous path should be of a suitable length and width and be formed of such conductable material so as to enable the continuous path to serve as a suitable antenna for the communication function being performed by the EM communication device, e.g., RFID tag communication.

The bars of the bar code may be connected in any manner that does not interfere with the ability of a bar code scanner to effectively read the antenna as a bar code. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, each bar of antenna/bar code 18 may be attached to the subsequent bar of antenna/bar code 18 at alternating ends in a snaking fashion.

The optical communication device of the CEMOC system of the present invention may include one or more parts each of which may have a different appearance and store and convey different information. For example, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the optical communication devices include a single part, e.g., a bar code. In the example CEMOC System 10 of FIG. 4, optical communication device 30 includes a bar code 204 as well as human readable text. The different parts of optical communication device 30 may form a composite image, such as the EPC bar code shown in FIG. 3. However, the different parts of optical communication device 30 need not represent related information. Also, some parts of optical communication device 30 may include decorative symbols or brand or corporate logos.

Where the CEMOC System includes an optical communication device that also functions as an antenna for the EM communication device, two or more of the parts of the optical communication device may form a continuous path to serve as the antenna. For example, CEMOC System 15 shown in FIG. 5 includes an optical communication device with four parts, e.g., a linear bar code, text below the bar code, and a smaller and a larger instance of the corporate logo “SNX”. As shown in FIG. 5, the linear bar code and the larger instance of the corporate logo form a continuous path to serve as the antenna for the EM communication device which, in FIG. 5, is an RFID tag.

Where the optical communication device of the CEMOC system includes several parts, the parts may all be formed at the same time or they may be formed at different times. For example, decorative symbols or logos may be printed on the substrate prior to the printing of the bar code part. In another example, human readable text may be added to the substrate after the printing of the bar code.

In the examples shown above, the optical communication device of the CEMOC system include a linear bar code. However, non-linear bar codes may be used as well. For example, an RSS bar code may be used in the embodiments shown in either FIG. 2 or 3.

Also, different bar code formats may provide certain advantages. For example, where a subtractive technique is used to print the bar code, e.g., etching, a bar code of a format providing for equal width spaces could be created more efficiently and quickly than a bar code of a format not providing for equal width spaces. For example, the bar code shown in FIG. 5 is of the UPC (A) format which allows for four different thicknesses of background space. Thus, in a laser etching process where the laser is set to etch a predetermined width, several passes may be required to etch a space depending on the width of the space that has been coded in that bar code. In the example shown in FIG. 6, CEMOC System 15 includes optical communication device in the form of antenna/bar code 18 that is coded in the Code 25 bar code format. This bar code format uses only equal width spaces between bars. Consequently, a laser set to etch a predetermined width need only make a single pass to etch each space.

Having both optical and electromagnetic communication devices, the CEMOC system of the present invention as described above may provide information to users both visually and through electromagnetic waves. For example, where the optical communication device encodes certain information as a bar code, a user may retrieve the encoded information using known bar code scanners that use conventional line-of-sight scanning techniques, such as laser, CCD, and wand type scanners. Where the electromagnetic communication device is an RFID tag, a standard RFID reader may be used to read the information stored in the RFID tag's memory.

Where the CEMOC system of the present invention described above is combined on or mounted on a substrate, any type of substrate capable of supporting both the EM communication device and the optical communication device of the CEMOC system may be used. For example, the substrate may comprise a product tag or label. In addition, the substrate may comprise the packaging for a product.

Any substrate used should not interfere with the functionality of the EM and optical communication devices of the CEMOC system. For example, where the optical communication device includes a bar code, the surface of the substrate should be able to serve as a background for the bar code.

Thus, using the printing techniques described above, at least a portion of the EM communication device and at least a portion of the optical communication device of the CEMOC system of the present invention may be formed by, for example, printing them directly on a product tag, label or packaging using conductable ink. Alternatively, at least a portion of the EM communication device and at least a portion of the optical communication device of the CEMOC system of the present invention may be formed by, for example, affixing a conductable material, e.g., a copper foil, directly on a product tag, label or packaging, and removing, e.g., by etching, unnecessary material so that the material that remains forms the portions of the EM and optical communication devices.

Where the CEMOC system is used in environments exposing it to physical or environmental stress, it may be desirable to protect it from such stress. According to an embodiment of the invention, a protective layer is applied over the CEMOC system that does not interfere with the a user's communication with either communication device of the CEMOC system. For example, where the CEMOC system is combined on or mounted on a substrate, the protective layer may be placed over the CEMOC system and affixed to the CEMOC system and/or the substrate. So as not to interfere with the communication involving the optical communication device, the protective layer may be clear. Alternatively, the protective layer may be mostly opaque with a clear portion covering the optical communication device.

Thus, for example, the CEMOC system could be combined or mounted on a product package meant for retail, e.g., a box of breakfast cereal, and placed on the outside and bottom of the package at the location where a bar code identifying the product would conventionally be found. The protective layer would protect the integrity of the CEMOC system while allowing the optical communication device to be read, for example, in order to identify the product at a checkout counter.

If desired, the CEMOC system of the present invention may be combined or mounted on a substrate in such a way as to be rendered ineffective during the course of normal intended use. For example, where the CEMOC system is used as a product package identifier, after the product is sold, the identifier is no longer needed and, in such cases, it may be desirable for the CEMOC system to no longer function after the sale. Where the CEMOC system includes an RFID tag, this may be accomplished by combining or mounting the CEMOC system on the product packaging over an area at which the package is to be opened. For example, the CEMOC system could combined or mounted directly over the tear-open mouth of a package so that when the package is opened, the integrity of the RFID tag is destroyed so that RFID tag can no longer transmit its stored information.

Although the EM and optical communication devices of the CEMOC system of the present invention may store the same information, in certain circumstances it may be desirable for them to store different information. For example, since the optical communication device stores and conveys information through its physical appearance, e.g., as with a bar code, it may be possible for information encoded in the optical communication device to be fixed. However, since the EM communication device stores its information in a memory, the EM communication device's information may be changeable. As such, it may be desirable for the information stored in the EM communication device's memory to supplement the information stored in the optical communication device. For example, where the CEMOC system includes an RFID tag and a bar code, the bar code may encode a product ID and the memory of the RFID tag may store shipping instructions for the product.

The CEMOC system of the present invention described above provides many advantages. Where it is desirable to have the functionality of both an electromagnetic communication device, e.g., RFID tag, and an optical communication device, e.g., bar code, both of these may be printed during the same operation according to the techniques described above. Creating both an electromagnetic communication device, e.g., RFID tag, and an optical communication device, e.g., bar code, in the same operation easily allows for both devices to be encoded with the same information at one time.

The CEMOC system of the present invention may also be advantageous for technology migration. For example, where the CEMOC system is a product package identifier and includes an RFID tag and a bar code, the same information could be encoded in both the RFID tag and bar code, thereby allowing users to extract the information using established bar code systems or newer RFID reading systems. This would allow for easy transition for a user migrating from a bar code to an RFID system.

While the invention has been described and illustrated in connection with preferred embodiments, many variations and modifications as will be evident to those skilled in this art may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the invention is thus not to be limited to the precise details of methodology or construction set forth above as such variations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. Except to the extent necessary or inherent in the processes themselves, no particular order to steps or stages of methods or processes described in this disclosure, including the Figures, is implied. In many cases the order of process steps may be varied without changing the purpose, effect or import of the methods described. 

1. A communication system comprising: an electromagnetic communication device; and an optical communication device including at least a machine symbol; wherein at least a portion of the electromagnetic communication device and at least a portion of the optical communication device are formed from the same material.
 2. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the machine symbol includes at least a bar code symbol.
 3. A communication system comprising: a radio frequency communication device; and an optical communication device including at least a bar code symbol; wherein at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material.
 4. The communication system of claim 3, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes an RFID tag.
 5. The communication system of clam 3, wherein the material forming at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol includes a conductable ink.
 6. The communication system of clam 3, wherein the material forming at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol includes a conductable foil.
 7. The communication system of claim 6, wherein the bar code symbol is of a format providing for equal width spaces between bars.
 8. The communication system of clam 3, wherein the optical communication device includes one or more alphanumeric symbols.
 9. The communication system of clam 3, wherein the optical communication device includes one or more logos.
 10. The communication system of claim 3, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a memory that stores information that is identical to the information encoded by the bar code symbol.
 11. The communication system of claim 10, wherein the information stored in the memory and encoded by the bar code symbol identify a product.
 12. The communication system of claim 3, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a memory that stores information that supplements the information encoded by the bar code symbol.
 13. A communication system comprising: a radio frequency communication device; an optical communication device encoding information and including at least a bar code symbol; and a protective covering over both the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device; wherein at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material, and wherein the information encoded by the optical communication device can be optically communicated through the protective covering.
 14. The communication system of claim 13, wherein the portion of the protective covering that covers the radio frequency communication device is opaque and the portion of the protective portion of the protective covering that covers the optical communication device is transparent.
 15. A communication system comprising: a radio frequency communication device; and an optical communication device including at least a bar code symbol; wherein at least a portion of the radio frequency communication device and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material, and wherein the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device are mounted on a package designed to be opened such that when the package is opened as designed, the radio frequency communication device is damaged so that it no longer communicates.
 16. The communication system of claim 15, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a memory that stores information, wherein the bar code symbol encodes the same information stored in the memory, and wherein the information encoded in the bar code symbol and stored in the memory relate to the package on which the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device are mounted.
 17. A communication system comprising: an electromagnetic communication device including at least an antenna; and an optical communication device including at least one machine readable symbol; wherein at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the machine readable symbol are formed from the same material, and wherein at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the machine readable symbol.
 18. The communication system of claim 17, wherein the machine readable symbol includes at least a bar code symbol.
 19. A communication system comprising: a radio frequency communication device including at least an antenna; and an optical communication device including at least a bar code symbol; wherein at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material, and wherein at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the bar code symbol.
 20. The communication system of claim 19, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes an RFID tag.
 21. The communication system of clam 19, wherein the material forming at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol includes a conductable ink.
 22. The communication system of clam 19, wherein the material forming at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol includes a conductable foil.
 23. The communication system of claim 22, wherein the bar code symbol is of a format providing for equal width spaces between bars.
 24. The communication system of clam 19, wherein the optical communication device includes one or more alphanumeric symbols.
 25. The communication system of claim 24, wherein at least a portion of the antenna includes at least one of the one or more alphanumeric symbols.
 26. The communication system of clam 19, wherein the optical communication device includes one or more logos.
 27. The communication system of claim 26, wherein at least a portion of the antenna includes at least one of the one or more logos.
 28. The communication system of claim 19, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a memory that stores information that is identical to the information encoded by the bar code symbol.
 29. The communication system of claim 28, wherein the information stored in the memory and encoded by the bar code symbol identify a product.
 30. The communication system of claim 19, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a memory that stores information that supplements the information encoded by the bar code symbol.
 31. A communication system comprising: a radio frequency communication device; an optical communication device encoding information and including at least a bar code symbol; and a protective covering over both the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device; wherein at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material, wherein at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the bar code symbol, and wherein the information encoded by the optical communication device can be optically communicated through the protective covering.
 32. The communication system of claim 31, wherein the portion of the protective covering that covers the radio frequency communication device is opaque and the portion of the protective portion of the protective covering that covers the optical communication device is transparent.
 33. A communication system comprising: a radio frequency communication device; and an optical communication device including at least a bar code symbol; wherein at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol are formed from the same material, wherein at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the bar code symbol, and wherein the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device are mounted on a package designed to be opened such that when the package is opened as designed, the radio frequency communication device is damaged so that it no longer communicates.
 34. The communication system of claim 33, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a memory that stores information, wherein the bar code symbol encodes the same information stored in the memory, and wherein the information encoded in the bar code symbol and stored in the memory relate to the package on which the radio frequency communication device and the optical communication device are mounted.
 35. A method for providing a communications system including a radio frequency communications device and an optical communications device, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a communications controller, a memory, and an antenna, and wherein the optical communications device includes at least a bar code symbol, the method comprising: providing the communications controller and the memory on a substrate; and providing the antenna and the optical communications device on the substrate using the same material for at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol.
 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the material used is a conductable ink.
 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the material used is a conductable foil.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the conductable foil is affixed to the substrate, and wherein the step of providing the antenna and optical communications device on the substrate comprises removing portions of the foil so that the portions of the foil remaining form the portion of the antenna and the portion of the bar code symbol.
 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the step of removing portions of the foil comprises using a laser etching process to remove the portions of the foil.
 40. A method for providing a communications system including a radio frequency communications device and an optical communications device, wherein the radio frequency communication device includes a communications controller, a memory, and an antenna, and wherein the optical communications device includes at least a bar code symbol, the method comprising: providing the communications controller and the memory on a substrate; and providing the antenna and the optical communications device on the substrate using the same material for at least a portion of the antenna and at least a portion of the bar code symbol so that at least a portion of the antenna includes at least a portion of the bar code symbol.
 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the material used is a conductable ink.
 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the material used is a conductable foil.
 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the conductable foil is affixed to the substrate, and wherein the step of providing the antenna and optical communications device on the substrate comprises removing portions of the foil so that the portions of the foil remaining form the portion of the antenna and the portion of the bar code symbol.
 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of removing portions of the foil comprises using a laser etching process to remove the portions of the foil. 